KARNATAKA/KERALA
EARLY 20TH CENTURY
Brass
11.75 in (30 cm) wide
NON-EXPORTABLE REGISTERED ANTIQUITY
Bhuta and theyyam traditions, from Karnataka and Kerala respectively, are part of ritual life rooted in the ancient belief that certain spirits and guardians provided protection against "invaders and robbers, the elements, including fi re, storms, flooding, drought, disease and to assure fertility of the soil, livestock and the human population." (Leo S Figiel, Ritual Bronzes of Maharashtra and Karnataka, Including the Bhuta Region, 2007, p. 60) Since the earth is believed to be controlled by these gods, goddesses, spirits and demons, prayers and sacrifices are off ered to keep them happy.
Such worship occurs on both an intimate, family level where the devotee carves out a niche in a tree or inner wall of a house for the bhuta to inhabit, or on a grand scale where the entire community or village is invited to participate. While bhuta ceremonies vary from region to region and on the basis of the spirit invoked, they always involve a highly charged atmosphere. "Singing of folk- epics or ballads (paadannas) depicting the story of the spirit concerned, the spectacular dance by the priest-impersonator possessed by the spirit, wearing gorgeous costumes, masks and high crowns of halo-like structure and making awe- inspiring cries and performing miracles and heroic feats and delivering the message of the divine spirit, curing diseases, and settling village disputes - all these make a festival of grand pageantry leaving a lasting impression on the spectator even if he is a non-believer." (P Upadhyaya and S Upadhyaya eds., Bhuta Worship, Udipi: Th e Regional Resources Centre for Folk Performing Arts, M G M College, 1984, p. 2)
According to curator and art critic Nima Poovaya-Smith, "The animals represented are either predators like the tiger or an asset to the land like the bull, so that the choice of a totemic animal incorporates elements of both appeasement and celebration." (George Michell ed., Kanara: A Land Apart: The Artistic Heritage of Coastal Karnataka, Mumbai: Marg Publications, Vol. 64 No. 1, September 2012, p. 99) Figurines, masks, breast plates, and headgear are all aspects of this tradition which blurs the lines between the spirit world and everyday living.
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Lot
5
of
68
LIVING TRADITIONS: FOLK AND TRIBAL ART
19-20 APRIL 2017
Estimate
Rs 2,00,000 - 3,00,000
$3,125 - 4,690
RESERVE NOT MET
Size Size
Height of Figure: 6'